Patients with refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: diagnostic tools
نویسندگان
چکیده
Patients with refractory to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms are approximately 40% and represent a very common problem in clinical practice. Many of these patients do not have GERD, but suffer from functional heartburn or hypersensitive esophagus. After thorough clinical evaluation and failure of escalation of PPI dose, diagnostic investigations include endoscopy, esophageal manometry, pH testing, esophageal Bilitec and esophageal impedance with pH monitoring.
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